Watching nature documentaries, another dichotomy of living in this world comes to mind: Predatory/Prey. There is very little life on Earth that does not have to kill to eat. Speaking with scientific dispassion, every organism has to acquire and transform other life forms to nutrients in order to live, to thrive, to perpetuate its own kind.
Like all the other dichotomies, there is a continuum between the predator and the prey, the nuances of choice between them particularly where there is choice and not simply the driving force of instinct. For a leopard or a shark the options are between one potential meal and another, choices based mainly on accessibility: the individual prey that can be acquired with the least expenditure of energy on the part of the predator.
The least predatory options for humans are vegetarianism and veganism… and I suppose also Breatharians are somewhere in there, maybe off the deep end of the continuum. The belief behind the eating of vegetables only is on one hand a nutritional choice, a matter of health, and on another, what might be called ‘predator guilt’ which makes it a moral and ethical choice based on ideals of responsibility and stewardship. These days there is also the ‘anti-industrial effect’ in which one does not choose to not eat meat, but refuses to contribute to the appalling heartlessness, cruelty and outright greed of the industrial slaughterhouse system.
And then there is something I call ‘the disney effect.’ It derives from the disneyesque presentation of animals as sweet, kind, and innocent, and treated badly by most humans. This perspective idealizes kindness and caring, is a largely emotion-based choice. It sees death as the worst thing for anything living and dreams of everyone living happily ever after. There is bad news for these vegetarians and vegans, as science is now beginning to realize that plants also have feelings, both physical and emotional, that we are only just beginning to be able to perceive. I suppose they could become Breatharians.
Personally, I, at my most predator virtuous, will choose to eat eggs from pastured chickens, root vegetables, berries, seeds and nuts. Leafy greens, peas and beans, sure, and the many forms of cabbage. Less and less I eat meat, even obtained from local sources not connected to the industrial slaughterhouses. More and more I’m shifting so-called meat animals to my personal designated “not for eating” category where I’ve long had dogs and horses: whales… anything with hands like mine… any thing that I’m now recognizing as any one. Purely because of the cruelty in the industry, I no longer eat cheese or cow’s milk. I’ve seen too many mother cows chasing down the truck carrying her new calf away so that humans can have that calf’s milk.
I have noticed however that the further from the living animal it gets, the easier it is to discount the morality and ethics of it all: Raw meat in the grocery store is easier to choose against than a nice rare steak in the restaurant when I’m hungry and already salivating. At least, that’s as far as I’ve come in my quest to be a responsible member of the community of living things.
And what about hunted meat?
In fact, as humans move into formerly wild ecosystems, as natural predators are eliminated for whatever rationales we apply, we must ourselves become the agents of management that keep the deer herds at healthy levels. We’re not very good at that, actually, because where natural predators cull the weak, humans tend to go for the trophy heads, selecting the strongest, the biggest, the keystone of the herd. Or quantity: the most kills as when colonial sharp-shooters took out as many buffalo as they could in a single hunt. But that wasn’t about meat or hides, that was about destroying the resources of the Indians to drive them to reservations and bags of flour.
There are cultures where breeding animals purely for the purpose of killing and eating them is considered immoral, unethical, and frankly disgusting.
As I’ve said before, each of our lives here in the world is about learning to make choices, learning what and why and how to choose from all the options on offer. The older we get, the more complex the options and opportunities become.